【生活中心／綜合報導】台灣拳擊女將林郁婷參加巴黎奧運，將於今天(2日)出賽，卻因性別議題愛爾蘭前拳王麥圭根（Barry McGuigan）及《哈利波特（Harry Potter)》作者、英國知名小說家JK羅琳（J.K. Rowling）質疑，國際奧委會(IOC)特別發表長文聲明，「人人有權不受歧視地從事體育運動。」強調包括林郁婷和另名阿爾及利亞選手是國際拳擊總會一個武斷決定的受害者，林郁婷的巴黎奧運參賽資格毋庸質疑。
林郁婷去年拳擊世錦賽闖進4強，卻意外陷入性別檢測爭議，體育署幫助還她清白，她並在同年的杭州亞運女子拳擊57公斤級奪得金牌。林郁婷上屆東京奧運首戰落敗，今年以女子57公斤級頭號種子身分，前進巴黎奧運。首戰預計今天登場。。
JK羅琳在社群平台提出質疑，除了分享英國《衛報》關於麥圭根論點的報導外，還寫下「何時才能結束這種瘋狂？要等到有女拳擊手受到重傷？還是要等女拳擊手被打死？」
國際拳擊總會去年因管理和財務問題，失去國際奧會認可，巴黎奧運拳擊項目由國際奧會負責。國際奧會表示，國際拳擊總會去年取消選手資格的決定很武斷，也是引發近期公憤的主因。在這波爭議中，英國作家J.K.羅琳（J. K. Rowling）和億萬富豪馬斯克（Elon Musk）等人都反對這些選手參加奧運。國際奧會表示：「這兩名運動員是國際拳擊總會突然且武斷決定下的受害者…在2023年世錦賽接近尾聲時，她們在沒有任何正當程序的情況下，突然被取消資格。」
What will it take to end this insanity? A female boxer left with life-altering injuries? A female boxer killed? https://t.co/2OGWUQYtU5
— J.K. Rowling (@jk_rowling) July 30, 2024
「根據國際拳擊總會官網上的會議紀要，這項決定當初僅由國際拳擊總會秘書長暨執行長做出。」性別發展差異（DSD）是一組涉及基因、荷爾蒙和生殖器官的罕見疾病。有些人以女性之身被撫養長大，但擁有XY性染色體，血液睪固酮濃度屬男性範圍。國際奧會表示，參賽資格規定是基於2021年東京奧運規範，不能在比賽期間更改，「國際奧會對這兩名運動員目前受到的傷害感到難過…每個人都有權利不受歧視地從事體育活動。」
國際奧會今天發表的聲明全文如下：
人人有權不受歧視地從事體育運動。
所有參加2024年巴黎奧運會拳擊比賽的運動員都符合比賽資格和參賽規定，並適用2024年巴黎奧運會籌備會拳擊工作小組（PBU）制定的所有醫療規定。與以往的奧運會拳擊比賽一樣，運動員的性別和年齡皆以他們的護照登載為準。
這些規則也適用於資格賽期間，包括 2023 年歐洲運動會、亞洲運動會、泛美運動會和太平洋運動會的拳擊比賽、在達卡 （塞內加爾） 舉行的 2023 年臨時非洲資格賽以及 2024 年在 Busto Arsizio （義大利） 和曼谷 （泰國） 舉行的兩項世界資格賽，這些比賽共有來自 172 個國家奧會 （NOC）、拳擊難民隊和個人中立運動員身份的 1,471 名不同拳擊手參加，並進行了 2,000 多場資格賽。
PBU以2020東京奧運會拳擊規則為基準，制定了2024年巴黎奧運會的規則。這是為了盡量減少對運動員備戰的影響，並保證奧運會之間的一致性。而2020東京奧運會的這些規則是以2016年里約奧運會後的規則為基準而制定，因此這些規則是在國際奧會於2019年暫停國際拳擊總會(IBA)並隨後在2023年撤銷其承認之前即已實施的。
我們在報導中看到有關兩名女性運動員參加2024年巴黎奧運會的誤導性資訊。這兩位運動員多年來一直參加國際拳擊女子比賽，包括 2020 東京奧運會、國際拳擊總會的世界錦標賽和不被 IBA 認可的比賽。
這兩名運動員是IBA突然做出的武斷決定的受害者。在 2023 年 IBA 世界錦標賽接近尾聲時，他們突然在沒有任何正當程序的情況下被取消資格。
根據IBA網站上的會議紀要，這一決定最初是由IBA秘書長兼執行長個人單獨做出的。IBA理事會只是在事後才批准了該判定，隨後並要求在今後的類似案件中制定一個程序，並須於《IBA規範》中明列出來。會議紀要還說，IBA應該「建立一個明確的性別檢測流程」。
目前對這兩名運動員的攻擊完全基於這一武斷的決定，而該決定是在沒有任何適當程序的情況下做出的——特別是考慮到這些運動員多年來一直在參加頂級比賽。
這樣的做法是有悖於良善治理的。
在正在進行的比賽中，資格規則不應更改，任何規則更改都必須遵循適當的程序，並應基於科學證據。
如《奧林匹克憲章》、《國際奧會倫理準則》和國際奧會人權戰略框架所載，國際奧會致力於保護所有參加奧運會的運動員的人權。國際奧會對這兩名運動員目前受到的網暴傷害感到悲痛。
國際奧會在 2019 年暫停對IBA的承認後，於 2023 年正式撤銷了對 IBA 的認可。國際運動仲裁法庭 （CAS） 也確認了此撤銷承認。請參閱國際奧會在裁決後發表的聲明。
國際奧會明確表示，它需要各國拳擊協會就新的國際總會達成共識，以便將拳擊納入2028年洛杉磯奧運會的競賽運動種類中。
Every person has the right to practise sport without discrimination.
All athletes participating in the boxing tournament of the Olympic Games Paris 2024 comply with the competition’s eligibility and entry regulations, as well as all applicable medical regulations set by the Paris 2024 Boxing Unit (PBU) (please find all applicable rules here). As with previous Olympic boxing competitions, the gender and age of the athletes are based on their passport.
These rules also applied during the qualification period, including the boxing tournaments of the 2023 European Games, Asian Games, Pan American Games and Pacific Games, the ad hoc 2023 African qualifying tournament in Dakar (SEN) and two world qualifying tournaments held in Busto Arsizio (ITA) and Bangkok (THA) in 2024, which involved a total of 1,471 different boxers from 172 National Olympic Committees (NOCs), the Boxing Refugee Team and Individual Neutral Athletes, and featured over 2,000 qualification bouts.
The PBU used the Tokyo 2020 boxing rules as a baseline to develop its regulations for Paris 2024. This was to minimise the impact on athletes’ preparations and guarantee consistency between Olympic Games. These Tokyo 2020 rules were based on the post-Rio 2016 rules, which were in place before the suspension of the boxing International Federation by the IOC in 2019 and the subsequent withdrawal of its recognition in 2023.
We have seen in reports misleading information about two female athletes competing at the Olympic Games Paris 2024. The two athletes have been competing in international boxing competitions for many years in the women’s category, including the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020, International Boxing Association (IBA) World Championships and IBA-sanctioned tournaments.
These two athletes were the victims of a sudden and arbitrary decision by the IBA. Towards the end of the IBA World Championships in 2023, they were suddenly disqualified without any due process.
According to the IBA minutes available on their website, this decision was initially taken solely by the IBA Secretary General and CEO. The IBA Board only ratified it afterwards and only subsequently requested that a procedure to follow in similar cases in the future be established and reflected in the IBA Regulations. The minutes also say that the IBA should “establish a clear procedure on gender testing”.
The current aggression against these two athletes is based entirely on this arbitrary decision, which was taken without any proper procedure – especially considering that these athletes had been competing in top-level competition for many years.
Such an approach is contrary to good governance.
Eligibility rules should not be changed during ongoing competition, and any rule change must follow appropriate processes and should be based on scientific evidence.
The IOC is committed to protecting the human rights of all athletes participating in the Olympic Games as per the Olympic Charter, the IOC Code of Ethicsand the IOC Strategic Framework on Human Rights. The IOC is saddened by the abuse that the two athletes are currently receiving.
The IBA’s recognition was withdrawn by the IOC in 2023 following its suspension in 2019. The withdrawal of recognition was confirmed by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). See the IOC’s statement following the ruling.
The IOC has made it clear that it needs National Boxing Federations to reach a consensus around a new International Federation in order for boxing to be included on the sports programme of the Olympic Games LA28.
